Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf (RA) was one of the most distinguished companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Known for his business acumen, generosity, and unwavering faith, he was among the first to embrace Islam and played a vital role in supporting the nascent Muslim community. Below is a detailed account of his life:
Early Life
Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf was born in Mecca around 580 CE into the affluent Banu Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe. His original name was Abdul Amr, but the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) later renamed him Abdur-Rahman, meaning "Servant of the Most Merciful." He was known for his noble character and sharp mind even before embracing Islam.
Conversion to Islam
Abdur-Rahman was among the first eight individuals to accept Islam, responding to the call of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through the influence of Abu Bakr (RA). His conversion subjected him to the wrath of the Quraysh leaders, who saw Islam as a threat to their traditional beliefs and social order. Like many early Muslims, Abdur-Rahman endured persecution and hardships but remained steadfast in his faith.
Migration to Abyssinia and Medina
To escape persecution in Mecca, Abdur-Rahman joined other Muslims in migrating to Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia), seeking refuge under the Christian king who offered protection to Muslims. Later, he returned to Mecca and then migrated to Medina following the Prophet's instruction.
In Medina, Abdur-Rahman exemplified humility and independence. Upon arrival, the Prophet established a bond of brotherhood between him and Sa'd ibn Rabi', a wealthy native of Medina. Sa'd offered to share his wealth and even one of his wives, but Abdur-Rahman declined, saying:
"May Allah bless your family and wealth. Just show me the market."
He started working in the marketplace and, through his honesty, diligence, and business skills, built a successful trade.
Contributions to Islam
- Support to the Community: Abdur-Rahman’s wealth became a significant asset for the Muslim community. He was known for his remarkable generosity, often donating substantial portions of his fortune for Islamic causes. For instance:
- He financed the preparation of 500 horses and 500 camels for the Tabuk expedition.
- He once donated 40,000 dinars (gold coins) and 2,000 camels for charity.
- Military Role: Abdur-Rahman participated in major battles alongside the Prophet, including Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq. His courage and commitment were instrumental in defending the Muslim community against external threats.
- Key Advisor: Abdur-Rahman was a trusted companion of the Prophet and later a key figure in advising the caliphs. His wisdom and integrity earned him widespread respect.
Character and Legacy
Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf is remembered for his remarkable humility despite his immense wealth. He adhered to a modest lifestyle, often prioritizing the needs of others over his own. When he passed away, he left a legacy of generosity, ensuring that his wealth continued to benefit the poor and the cause of Islam.
His Role in Choosing Caliph Uthman
After the death of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), Abdur-Rahman played a crucial role in the selection of the next leader. As part of a six-member council appointed by Umar, Abdur-Rahman was tasked with mediating and ultimately chose Uthman ibn Affan (RA) as the third caliph, further demonstrating his pivotal role in the early Islamic state.
Death
Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf passed away in 652 CE (32 AH) in Medina. His funeral was attended by prominent companions, and his legacy continues to inspire Muslims worldwide. He was buried in the Jannat al-Baqi cemetery alongside other great companions of the Prophet.
Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf’s life exemplifies the principles of faith, generosity, and perseverance. His story serves as a timeless reminder of the impact that integrity and dedication can have in transforming a society.